Research for Fiction Writers

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Where to Research Science Fiction and Fantasy Stories

Research for fiction writers is the key to authenticity. To create believable settings and characters, you need to start with research. Even when you’re writing about wizards in space, sprinkling in a few factual details will make your characters seem more real and your world feel like a place they could actually live in.

This collection of websites, articles, and tools will help you learn more about your story’s setting, plot, and characters. I primarily write science fiction, so there is a heavy focus on science fiction research. This page will be regularly updated, so be sure to add it to your bookmarks.

It’s a lot of work to maintain a links collection this big! If you see a link has gone dead, or if you know of other fiction writing research tools I should add, please contact me and let me know.

General/All Purpose Fiction Writing Research Tools:

  • Archive.org – One of the largest internet libraries. Explore newspapers, magazines, trade journals, historical films, comic books, movies, and much, much more.
  • arXiv.org – An archive of academic papers run by Cornell University. Features papers on physics, mathematics, computers science, biology, finance, statistics, and more.
  • Brave Search – An alternative search engine designed for privacy. Similar to DuckDuckGo.
  • DuckDuckGo – DuckDuckGo bills themselves as “the independent Internet privacy company for anyone who’s tired of being tracked online.” Might be a good option the next time you’re worried that your writing research is going to “get you on a list.” I used it to research my cannibal murder mystery, and I haven’t gotten arrested yet! Just remember to search for “book marketing” and “proper semicolon usage” in between searches for “how to beat CSI methods” and “best places to bury a body 5 miles outside Chicago.”
  • Frontiers – Open access journals. Useful for researching aerospace, medical topics, biology, and a lot more.
  • Future Science – Non-profit that examines new scientific ideas for the future. Posts may be useful to research or inspire science fiction stories.
  • H2H2 – Founded by science fiction legend Douglas Adams, H2H2 is Wikipedia before Wikipedia. It’s a guide to life, the universe, and everything. Although many of the articles are written with a humorous bent, it’s still a great starting point for general research. The articles on Doctor Who, zombies, and other geeky topics are especially great. The site can be a bit slow, so be patient. It’s worth the wait.
  • Kagi Search – A “premium” search engine designed to be focused on users instead of advertisers. A paid service, but offers a free trial plan with one hundred searches.
  • Marginalia – An alternative search engine “designed to help you find some things you didn’t even know you were looking for.”
  • Matilda – Academic search engine, a good alternative to Google Scholar. If you’re an English speaker, use the dropdown in the upper right corner to toggle to English.
  • Obsidian – Note taking app. Mind mapping, organizing ideas, and more.
  • ProQuest – Searchable database of ebooks, journals, and videos. May need to access through your local library’s computers.
  • Quantum Magazine – Fantastic science and mathematics articles.
  • RefSeek – A search engine for students and researchers focused on academic information.
  • ScienceDaily – Focused on news, but can be a great starting point for research.
  • Science.gov – Scientific search results from US government agencies.
  • SpringerLink – Open access journals. Useful for researching biology, computer science, physics, astronomy, stats, chemistry, and a lot more.
  • Techtropes – Guides for writers on a variety of subjects, including alien invasions, lasers, guns, genetics, and more.
  • Wiby – Another alternative search engine with an emphasis on discovery.
  • r/Writeresearch – The subreddit to ask questions and improve the accuracy of your fiction.
  • Writing Prompts – The greatest collection of science fiction, fantasy, and horror writing prompts on the web. Also, the guy who wrote it is really handsome.

Animals

Here are some fiction writing research pages to help you learn more about animals. Great when you’re writing about wildlife or the speculative biology of a fantasy kingdom or alien world.

Artificial Intelligence:

If you’re writing a story with an AI character, these pages will help with your fiction writing research. NOTE: While generative AI and Large Language Models should never be used for creative writing, it’s still a good idea to learn how they work and where the technology is headed.

Body Language and Facial Expressions:

Every writer, regardless of genre, should study body language. Knowing how people move their bodies and faces as they speak, think, share their feelings, and deceive each other will make your characters more believable. It will also give you more ideas for dialogue beats, what exactly characters should be doing during dialogue scenes.

Characters:

These fiction writing research pages will help you come up with great character names, address a character’s disability issues respectfully, and create well-developed and believable characters to inhabit your stories.

Crime:

These sites contain research and statistics on crime and investigation techniques that may be useful for writers. This is for fiction writing research for stories about crimes that you would never actually do in real life. (Don’t do crime. Crime bad, okay?)

  • Crime Data Explorer – Use this FBI tool to research statistics on crime in the United States.
  • Crime Scene Investigation: How It’s Done – A basic introduction to CSI techniques.
  • Crime Scene Investigation Network – Articles about forensics.
  • FBI Vault – Explore records scanned for Freedom of Information Act requests and learn about fugitives, gangs, gangsters, and more.
  • Murderpedia – Despite its outdated design, this website is useful for researching killers from around the world.
  • Neighborhood Scout – Look up crime statistics for neighborhoods in the United States. Need to find a dangerous area for your superhero to protect? Find stats here.
  • Havocscope – Havocscope provides information and threat intelligence on the global black market, and the prices of illicit goods.
  • How Crime Scene Investigation Works – An introduction to CSI techniques, and a discussion on what CSI shows often get wrong.

Legal resources like these are vital research sites for writers. If you publish anything, you will eventually run into book pirates. Please note that I’m not a lawyer, and this is not legal advice. You probably shouldn’t take any advice from me about anything that doesn’t involve writing science fiction, magic tricks, or chili. I’m pretty good at making chili.

Estimating Things:

When you’re writing a story, sometimes it’s difficult to estimate how big a villain’s secret hideout would need to be, or how much larger your giant killer robot should be compared to a regular, everyday killer robot. These resources may come in handy for writers like me who aren’t too strong with spatial skills.

  • Comparing heights – This website lets you enter the heights of two people and compare how they would look standing next to each other. See just how much taller your “a head taller” romantic lead would have to be, or how much taller an Amazon Warrior might be than your adventurer.
  • Country Size Comparison – Compare two different countries to see how much bigger or smaller they are than where you’re from.
  • Height Comparison – This little tool gives you a visual indicator of the difference in character heights. When your tiny elf encounters a giant ogre, just how much taller is the monster? How scared should he be? See for yourself!
  • Measuringly – This unusual site is filled with size comparisons, so you can get a better grasp on just how big twelve yards, six feet, or three inches really is. Let’s say you’re writing about an asteroid, and you guesstimate that it’s about a hundred kilometers long. You can open up the 100 kilometers article and see that it’s 1,000 times longer than a soccer field, twice as long as a marathon race, and 37 times as long as the Golden Gate bridge. Based on these size comparisons, you can decide if your space pirates need more or less room on their asteroid secret hideout.
  • Size Comparison Tool – Need to estimate how many washing machines could fit inside the Empire State Building? This will help!
  • WhatSizeOf – An interesting size comparison tool. You can choose two objects from their library and get a visual comparison.

Fight Scenes:

If you’re looking to get your protagonist into a fight, you’ll want to do some fiction writing research first. Fight scenes are often tricky to write. If done incorrectly, they can be confusing and hard to follow. These resources will help you win the battle against the DNF pile.

Folklore and Mythology:

These folklore and mythology sites can add depth and meaning to your stories. If you are a horror or fantasy author, these will definitely come in handy for fiction writing research.

Free Stock Images:

These sites are great whenever you need stock images for author websites, books, and more. Unless the link description says “public domain,” make sure you review the site’s terms and license for details.

Grammar, Punctuation, and Other Basics:

These are great sites to have on hand if it’s been a little while since you’ve studied grammar and punctuation rules.

Historical Fiction Writing Research:

Working on historical fiction or historical fantasy? Keep these fiction writing research sites handy.

  • Avalon Project – Database of legal and historical documents from Yale Law School.
  • Chronicling America – Historical newspaper database from the Library of Congress.
  • Early English Books – Historical research database through ProQuest. May need to access through your local library.
  • Encyclopedia Iranica – Research source dedicated to “the study of Iranian civilization in the Middle East, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and the Indian Subcontinent.”
  • Flow of History – For visual learners, here’s a collection of history flow charts. It even has its own iPad app!
  • Food Timeline – A historical timeline of what people ate in different periods.
  • The History Blog – An extensive historical resource with loads of sources and additional resources in the sidebar.
  • Library of Congress – Research library in Washington, D.C., that serves as the library and research service of the U.S.
  • The Perseus Collection – Greek and Roman historical documents, both in the original languages and translated into English.
  • UK National Archives – Historical document collection.
  • US National Archives – Historical document collection.

Medical Issues:

Whenever you write a story dealing with a medical issue or disability, it’s important to do research. This will help you portray the condition more accurately and sensitively.

The Perfect Word:

These resources will help writers find the ever-elusive perfect word.

  • Calque or Loanword? – An interesting article on calques, words or phrases borrowed from another language and translated.
  • Describing Words – A tool just for finding adjectives to describe nouns. More useful than it sounds.
  • Etymoline – Online Etymology Dictionary – Research word origins. Useful for finding meaningful character names, creating conlangs, and more.
  • The Hundred Most Beautiful Words in English – Great list.
  • Onelook Reverse Dictionary – Sort of like a thesaurus. Enter a word, phrase, description, or pattern, and find synonyms, related words, and more.
  • Power Thesaurus – A community-driven thesaurus.
  • Pun Generator – An automatic joke machine. Some are punnier than others.
  • Reverse Dictionary – Sort of like a thesaurus. Enter a word and find synonyms, related words, and more.
  • RhymeZone – Rhyming dictionary. Also has “find descriptive words” and “find related words” options that work similar to a reverse dictionary.
  • Tip of My Tongue – A word finding tool with search fields for Starts With, Ends With, Word Meanings, Length, and more.
  • Word Hippo – Thesaurus and other word tools.

Planets:

If you’re writing science fiction or fantasy stories, these sites are great for (literal) world building.

  • Building Earth-Like Planets – A downloadable online course covering planetary formation. Literal worldbuilding!
  • Exoplanets – NASA’s resources on exoplanets, planets outside our solar system. Learn about planet types, what makes a world habitable, and much more.
  • How Solar Systems Form – Videos and infographics on planetary formation.
  • Planetary Formation & Evolution – Scientific resources from Carnegie Science. (Scroll down for articles.)
  • Planetary Society – Articles on planetary science, asteroids, signs of life on other worlds, and more.

Psychology:

Learning about how the human mind works is one of the best ways to create believable characters. Make these resources a regular part of your fiction writing research.

Robots:

Looking to add robots, androids, and other mechanical marvels to your stories? These sites will help with your fiction writing research.

Self-Publishing:

  • Amazon KDP Templates – Amazon’s template files for self-publishing books in a variety of sizes. They are available empty or with sample content. Microsoft Word format.
  • r/SelfPublish – The subreddit for everything self publishing.
  • The Submission Grinder – The Submission Grinder is a submission tracker and market database for writers of fiction and poetry. Use this search engine to find a home for your work.

Settings:

Space, Spaceships, and Space Travel:

Here are some great fiction writing research sites to help you create your next great space adventure. Knowing how spaceships and space travel work will help your stories feel more realistic. If that’s what you’re going for. Or you could do what I did in The Screaming Void and just say “it’s alien tech nobody really understands…”

Sports:

If you want to write about sports but you’re a non-athlete like me, these resources will help you get to the finish line with your fiction writing research.

Time Travel:

Tropes and Writing:

Here are some great articles and resources on using tropes effectively in your writing.

World Building:

Working on a unique fantasy or science fiction world? Check out these fiction writing research sites.

  • Climate Comparison – This site lets you pick two countries and compare their average climates. May be helpful for writers who want a better picture of how cold their Ice Planet should be.
  • Future Timeline – Future predictions. May be useful for science fiction world building.
  • Language Creation Society – Learn about conlangs, constructed languages. Maybe your story’s language will become the next Elvish or Klingon.
  • Natural Resources and Trade in Fantasy Worldbuilding – Some thoughts and points to consider.
  • Resources for World-Builders – For constructing fictional worlds which follow historical rules and patterns, where things like agriculture and armies make sense.
  • r/ScifiConcepts – A subreddit for science fiction world building. Bounce your ideas off of other writers and see what they think.
  • World Anvil – World building tools for writers and RPG campaigns.
  • r/WorldBuilding – The subreddit for creatives who are interested in building their own fictional worlds. Learn about world building, explore others’ creations, and share your own.

Writing Skills:

Work on your story skills with these fiction writing research sites.


Maintaining a resource page like this requires a lot of time and effort. If you find a link that’s gone dead, or if you know of other fiction writing research sites that I should add here, please let me know! You can contact me here.

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